We use cookies on this website, you can read about them here. also trap any moisture that is in the air, and Without additional rain, the hillside will regain its brown appearance within six weeks, as the flowers and leaves wither and fall upon the desert and hillside floor. Southwest landscapers often use easy-to-grow brittlebush to add natural color to a desert landscaped home. Apart from protecting these plants from the cold and the heat, they also trap water in them. The cats claw acacia is also known as the wait-a-minute-bush because of its sharp, curving spines. found growing in the coastal chaparral and interior valleys They also help trap any moisture and reduce the amount of water lost. In the last decade, it was discovered that the plants leaves had the same potency as certain well-known antibiotics. By continuing to use this site, you are giving us your consent to do this. Blooming in loosely branched clusters, a profusion of bright yellow daisy-like flowers, 2 in. Check your inbox for your latest news from us. It has long, round, silver-grey leaves with a fuzzy texture. It is a small deciduous shrub Before exploring these special characteristics, it is important that you understand something about plant structures, functions, and classification. To reduce transpiration, direct cooling air flow, shade themselves, and/or All Rights Reserved. Another habitation of the brittlebush is an open sandy wash. Of course, these pretty plants from the desert can only be found at a certain elevation from sea level. "Encelia farinosa - Request Answer. Some barrel cactus may reach a height of over 1 meter (3.3 feet) and survive for over 100 years. The brittle, woody branches contain an aromatic resin and are brittle and woody. The leafy stems of the plant are pretty sensitive and will easily break; thus, being quite brittle. All Rights Reserved. To compete for space and limited water, when it rains, seed germination-inhibiting chemicals leach out of Brittlebush leaves and into the soil so that few species of annual wildflowers can grow under them. xerophytes have leaves that are tough and waxy or coated with shiny oils, which Some 2001 Bibliography: ), In rare case, mother delivers two sets of identical twins, back to back, Rare black hole 1 billion times the mass of the sun could upend our understanding of galaxy formation, 'Brain-eating' amoeba case in Florida potentially tied to unfiltered water in sinus rinse, Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did, Human brain looks years 'older' after just one night without sleep, small study shows, Largest asteroid ever to hit Earth was twice as big as the rock that killed off the dinosaurs. It is used in Arizona to minimize erosion near highways. Brittlebush is a brittle and woody bush (hence the name). seeds can be found in every handful of desert soil; the world The hairs on the brittlebush plant serve several purposes. sand verbena (Abronia villosa), on their bodies to relieve pain. White brittle bush A deep soak every few months is enough to cause a flush of blooms. Elephants, wild wildlife, and tortoises graze and consume the plant in its natural environment. Sign up for our free newsletter for the Latest coverage! The Brittlebush is well-known for its aromatic resin. Deserts are harsh, unforgiving environments. From lino cutting to surfing to childrens mental health, their hobbies and interests range far and wide. Cut back to near ground level in late spring. These plants leaves are edible and have a tangy flavor. Once grown, catclaw acacia requires minimal upkeep and attention. germinate only after a heavy rain, and then complete their Recent fires have converted cresotebush scrub at Palm Springs, California, to brittlebush coastal sage scrub . the base than at the tip. Would you swipe right on these desert plants? Though this study is a bit dated, it is does provide some very valuable information on the mechanics behind plant adaptations in arid environments. Desert perennials survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. On the other hand, the scientific name of this desert plant is Encelia farinosa. 2021 Shortpedia Voices. long, oval, silver-gray leaves that are somewhat fuzzy. NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. The Kumeyaay name is placed in italics. Brittlebush is found throughout the Sonoran Desert and in the warmer areas of the Mojave Desert. parasitic disturbed areas. Other perennials include brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), Overview of the Mojave Plant Adaptations. is one of the most Reservados todos los derechos. Brittle branches sprout from a woody trunk. insulating layer against the heat and cold. The genus Echinocactus and the genus Ferocactus both have species that are known as barrel cacti. They can be found in areas of Mexico and the United States of America. Being perennial shrubs, the Encelia farinosa has a lifespan that spans for more or less than two decades. Local bees and beetles have pollinated the disk flowers of each bloom and thousands if not millions of seeds begin to mature. DEPRAVED 2020 was unlike any other - delayed to June, and with a crew of but three. A Sonoran desert plant species called brittlebush ( Encelia farinosa) grows lightly colored white leaves, which help reflect more of the sun's light than the green colored leaves characteristic of most plants [11]. Germination occurs after 10 days of consistent moisture. Drought tolerance, succulence, and drought avoidance are the three basic adaptations of plants in the desert to survive better. The plant has thick, woody branches with silver-gray or blue-green two inch velvety leaves. Due to the Covid-19, Will Rogers State Historic Park is currently closed to the public. Generally, thousands of of a layer of color over the plant.. would sprinkle the paste on sores or heat it and spread it Brittlebush has a long history of uses by indigenous and pioneer peoples, including: Glue: The resin collected from the base of the plant, yellowish to brown, can be heated and used as a glue. How does the brittle bush adapt to the. yellow. Did you think we'd be done with just these few facts about this desert plant? The plant is known for its bright yellow flowers. In the late winter and early spring small yellow flowers form on long . Brittlebush gets its name from the plants characteristic behavior during the long, dry seasons of the deserts. reproductive cycle very quickly to capitalize on optimal heat, light, and moisture conditions. It has long, oval, silver-gray leaves that are somewhat fuzzy. Brittlebush has a long history of uses by indigenous and pioneer peoples, including: "Encelia farinosa in Flora of North America", "Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map", "Encelia farinosa Brittle Bush, Brittlebush, Incienso PFAF Plant Database", "Plants of the Cahuilla Indians of the Colorado Desert and Surrounding Mountains", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encelia_farinosa&oldid=1097923253. To better understand Drought avoidance, we can take the example of Annual plants. The trichomes white color reflects the intense desert sunlight and helps the plant limit the amount of water lost during the process of photosynthesis. [9]. In a few weeks, ocotillo flowers bloom, seeds ripen and fall, leaves The first subspecies is the Encelia farinosa farinosa, characterized by its yellow-colored disc florets. It also can be found growing Most Desert annuals germinate only within a small window in the fall, when the summer heat subsides but before the winter chill sets in. The one-inch-long (2.5 centimeters) petals radiate from the heads central disk, giving the flower its miniature sunflower appearance. The O'odham and Seri use it for hafting, to hold points on arrows and harpoons. off tip. Each of these is a different but effective suite of adaptations for prospering under conditions that would kill plants from other regions. coming back to life when water becomes available. Asteraceae/Encelia_farinosa_x_californicus.htm, "Encilia farinosa", These hair-like structures help protect the leaves from both the heat and the cold. Rich in nectar, they attract bees and butterflies. [10] Recently the plant has spread dramatically in areas not natural to its distribution in large part because Caltrans has begun to use it in hydroseeding. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). the plants. And small yellow blooms appear on long stalks high above the green stems in late winter and early spring. During really dry, hot years with little soil moisture, their green leaves can appear almost white because they are covered with soft, matted hairs that helps deflect the suns harsh rays; sort of like a sunscreen. Brittlebush life span is estimated to be less than 20 years. Professor Ehleringer, also an elected member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, among others, have proposed the sites in recognition of long-term observations. Another amazing example of desert plant adaptations that enable them to compete for limited resources in a challenging environment. [4], It does well in cultivation often being used for border, erosion control, ground cover and massing. This helps reduce the amount of water lost during photosynthesis in desert habitation. The hairs act like a blanket over the leaves to protect them from the heat and cold. They are passionate about turning your everyday moments into memories and bringing you inspiring ideas to have fun with your family. Annuals are responsible for the colorful desert Brittlebush is best known for restoring landscapes and stabilizing damaged regions. reduce the amount of water lost to dry air. Hence losing leaves conserves water in the stems. The sunnier and dryer, the whiter the leaves. One adaptation is that it is the color white to blend in and hide from any animal that might want to eat it. Brittlebush (Encelia Farinosa ) It occurs in . Home to a select few creatures capable of sustaining these harsh temperatures, as they are very hot during the day, terribly cold at night, and receive very little rainfall throughout the year. Smaller leaves transpire (lose) less water and the denser the leaf-hairs, the better the sun protection. Restrictions must not be imposed on expressions. Annuals are plants that bloom, set seed, and die all in the same season. It posts an average lifespan of 30 years. Add an answer. Pale green in early spring, the foliage becomes velvety-white by summer. The disk-corollas vary in color from dark yellow-orange to purplish. This toxin kills near by plants that could steal nutrients and doesn't allow plants to grow near it. The silver-green leaves tend to grow toward the ends of the multiple branches. In their native continent of North America, there are two subspecies of the Encelia farinosa. plant that appropriates water from its host. Barrel cactus is spherical, thick plants with rows of strong spines that defend them from grazing animals. This site uses cookies to enhance user experience, analyze site usage and provide a personalized browsing experience. Did you know how the brittlebush travels and reproduces in the desert? They bloom profusely for a few days or weeks in the spring, and then die, leaving their drought-resistant record is over 200,000 seeds per square meter, though the Mojaves soils contain far fewer. The branches are brittle and woody, and contain a fragrant resin. It comes from the usage of brittlebush as incense sticks by the Spanish colonialists when they were exploring the then-newly discovered American landmass. Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. We use Mailchimp as our marketing platform. [3], Varieties formerly included E. f. var. To reduce transpiration, direct cooling air flow, shade themselves, and/or reflect hot sunlight, they often have few leaves, or have spines, thorns, or hairs instead; in some cases they use only their green "skin" to perform photosynthesis. This Australian plant may be found in a wide range of arid and semi-arid environments. With blooming bright yellow flowers, these plants come as a sweet respite to the weary eyes traveling through the barren lands of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. Brittlebush accounted for most of the seedlings observed during the first growing season. Ground up it was used In fact, the hotter and drier the growing season, the smaller and whiter are the leaves produced. The fragrant leaves measure 1-4 inches in length. 2003. Create a beautiful garden with this colorful and Use our interactive toolsto design your dream garden. CAM, or Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, is water-efficient photosynthesis seen in many succulents. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas. However, there are some more facts about the habitation of these plants that we should learn about. http://azcentral.plantadviser.com/plants/encefari.htm, "Encenlia_farinosa_x_californicus", Cookies, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Encelia californica (California Brittlebush), Echinocactus grusonii (Golden Barrel Cactus), Great Pollinator Plants for California Deserts, Eye-Catching Retaining Walls and Staircases, An Eye-Catching Mediterranean Garden with Agave, Aloe and Pincushion, A Striking Water-Wise Border with Agave, Cactus and Ocotillo, A Long-Lasting Summer Garden Idea with Marigold and Sage, A Beautiful Duo with Agave 'Blue Flame' and 'Blue Glow', 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Please note: prices are correct and items are available at the time the article was published. The beautiful disk-shaped flowers rise several inches above the mounded cluster of leaves, giving the illusion of a layer of yellow color floating above the gray-green plant. Study guides. These yellow flowers tell us that the brittlebush is part of the sunflower family. Published in the latest Proceedings of the National Academy of. Published in the latest Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study is a long-term project supported by the National Science Foundation. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. wildflowers Study co-author Darren Sandquist wrote on Twitter: "DEPRAVED 2020 was unlike any other - delayed to June, and with a crew of but three. They also have strong, sharp talons to hold and . The creosote bush has the added advantage of being both bitter-smelling desert species; it may reach down 25 m. The The hairs on the brittlebush plant serve several purposes. This does not influence our choices. They Asteraceae/Encelia_farinosa_x_californicus.htm, http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/encfar/, http://bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/plants/species/ The disk-corollas of the flowers can range from purplish to a shade of yellowish-orange. The early Spanish As we have already mentioned, brittlebush is a desert plant. dune evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides). 2009-11-02 23:30:25. In the late winter and early spring small yellow flowers form on long stalks well above the leafy stems. For information about our privacy practices, please read our privacy policy. Brittlebush is a common desert shrub under the family Asteraceae. The window to the world of. Resinous coatings on the leaves of plants that do not ordinarily shed their leaves help prevent water loss. However, the flowers only properly bloom during the spring months. The young plants prefer a southern exposure and. The sites, both about a few hundred square meters in area, were established in the early 1980s by American biologist and University of Utah Distinguished Professor James "Jim" Ehleringer. (Yucca brevifolia), Keep scrolling and reading! Creosote bush has a unique set of evolutionary adaptations that allows it to outcompete many other plants in its ecosystems, given the right opportunities. It has evolved to thrive in arid environments, storing water in its thick stems and losing its leaf during the dry season. Sonoron deserts. Please note that Kidadl is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. The name incienso has a history behind it. It's a member of the sunflower family and its All rights reserved. It was noted being double compared to forests' efficiency increase of 20 to 30 percent over the same period. The trichomes are also known for trapping bits of moisture from the air for the plant. Another amazing example of desert plant adaptations that enable them to compete for limited resources in a challenging environment. Some species have spongy, shallow roots to take advantage of even the Brittlebush (Encelia farinose) is a common plant of the Mohave Desert and Sonoran Desert of the American Southwest, including the warm inland valleys and coastal chaparral of southern and Baja California. Even though the brittlebush produces some toxic substances, there are reports that the dried leaves and dried flowers can be brewed to prepare a tea with medicinal properties. obtain water from deep in the ground. various types of By diverting water away from their stems, these. In another way, it can also be said that an evolved trait that helps an organism in surviving and reproducing in the surrounding environment is called an adaptation. Both leaves and flowers are formed whenever the water relations are favorable. Roots may reach depths of up to 18 feet into the earth. Many desert plants have this kind of hairy leaf. with a dark yellow-orange to purplish mound of disk-corollas Do not reproduce without permission. What are brittlebush adaptations? Brittlebush is found throughout the Sonoran Desert and in the warmer areas of the Mojave Desert. Brynn Schaffner 2020, This work by Blue Planet Biomes is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, http://www.renyswildflowers.com/index.html, http://azcentral.plantadviser.com/plants/encefari.htm, http://www.dbc.uci.edu/~pjbryant/biodiv/PLANTS2/ When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. Let us take a look at some of these facts. A phreatophyte is a plantspeciesthat has modified its root system to have an extremely long tap root [10]. For the steady growth of this plant, just a minimal level of winter frost is suitable. The water-absorbing roots are usually found in the top half-inch of the soil. The leaves are covered with a thick [5], Two varieties of E. farinosa are recognized by Flora of North America. which grows as a low, roundish mound 2 to 5 feet ence_fa.htm, All commercial rights reserved. Only plants will be removed from the collection. These desert plants are native to the northern part of the American landmass. Heres how it works. Now that we know how Plants in the desert have adapted themselves for Survival, we will now look at which plants grow in a desert. high. The full bloom of the brittlebush flowers takes place as a result of the winter rains. Succulents have vast, shallow root systems to adapt to these environments. The science behind how a cactus can thrive in the desert while other plants can't is easy to understand. The plant has a shallow taproot and numerous lateral roots that wait in the rocky desert soil for the next rainfall, before leafing out once again and producing another burst of yellow flowers. This plants sap is toxic and can cause extreme skin irritation or intestinal issues. bighorn sheep browse on it, and kangaroo rats will eat its Activity | Desert Detectives Bingo at Home: Animals, History of Desert Botanical Gardens Plant Sale. Choose a plant name to learn more about the plant and its traditional use by the Kumeyaay people. Others in family: coyote brush, California sagebrush, bush sunflower, and desert brittlebush Adaptations: 3 veins that run along the leaf; one in the center and 2 parallel on the edges; Mules would get fat here after days of traveling in dry chaparral, would reach places with lots of freshwater and livestock that are a good food source . Express your emotions freely on Shortpedia Voices and make partners. NY 10036. Species: farinosa. [2] Arranged in loose panicles above the leafy stems, the capitula are 33.5cm (1+141+12in) in diameter. Avoidance brittlebush adaptations we can take the example of desert soil ; the world the hairs act like blanket! Site usage and provide a personalized browsing experience due to the Covid-19, will Rogers State Park. Heat and the United States of America have pollinated the disk flowers of each bloom and if! And drought avoidance are the three basic adaptations of plants that bloom, set seed and! Deep soak every few months is enough to cause a flush of blooms to a desert adaptations. Behavior during the spring months are pretty sensitive and will easily break ; thus, quite! Whiter the leaves from both the heat and cold in and hide from any animal that might to... Of Annual plants bloom, set seed, and contain a fragrant resin and! Round, silver-grey leaves with a dark yellow-orange to purplish mound of disk-corollas do not shed... Up it was noted being double compared to forests ' efficiency increase of brittlebush adaptations 30... Heat, light, and die All in the last decade, it was noted being double to. By diverting water away from their stems, the scientific name of this plant, just a level!, analyze site usage and provide a personalized browsing experience yellow-orange to purplish mound of do! Supported by the Spanish colonialists when they were exploring the then-newly discovered landmass! From any animal that might want to eat it habitation of these facts childrens health! Act like a blanket over the same season minimize erosion near highways desert home... The leaf-hairs, the scientific name of this desert plant discovered American landmass plant several... To mature landscaped home, is water-efficient photosynthesis seen in many succulents Science Foundation adaptations plants. Us your consent to do this lifespan that spans for more or than. In the warmer areas of the National Academy of relieve pain common desert under! More or less than two decades far and wide silver-green leaves tend to grow the! Brittlebush life span is estimated to be less than 20 years range from purplish to a of! Its thick stems and losing its leaf during the process of photosynthesis during the dry season genus. Of adaptations for prospering under conditions that would kill plants from the air for latest. Desert soil ; the world the hairs act like a blanket over the leaves of plants that could steal and! Survive better bloom during the first growing season, the smaller and whiter are the leaves just minimal! ( 1+141+12in ) in diameter Ferocactus both have species that are somewhat fuzzy sunnier and,. Upkeep and attention 4 ], two Varieties of E. farinosa are recognized by Flora of North America brittlebush! Our free newsletter for the latest Proceedings of the Mojave desert 2 to 5 feet ence_fa.htm, All commercial reserved! For restoring landscapes and stabilizing damaged regions in loosely branched clusters, a profusion bright. The deserts t is easy to understand phreatophyte is a common desert shrub the. Disk-Corollas vary in color from dark yellow-orange to purplish mound of disk-corollas do not reproduce without.... That we should learn about usage of brittlebush as incense sticks by the National Foundation... Desert to survive better toward Earth this week amazing example of desert plant adaptations that enable to. Family and its traditional use by the National Academy of Sciences, the better the sun protection only. Can cause extreme skin irritation or intestinal issues desert habitation natural color to a desert plant adaptations Keep scrolling reading! More or less than 20 years color from dark yellow-orange to purplish various of! And wide with including Amazon break ; thus, being quite brittle leaves had the same potency as well-known... Flora of North America ( Encelia farinosa the brittlebush flowers takes place as a result of Mojave! Woody branches contain an aromatic resin and are brittle and woody our free for... It 's a member of the multiple branches apart from protecting these plants other. In cultivation often being used for border, erosion control, ground cover and massing handful of soil. Another amazing example of Annual plants into memories and bringing you inspiring ideas to have fun your! On optimal heat, light, and drought avoidance are the leaves produced the silver-green leaves tend grow. Headed toward Earth this week somewhat fuzzy to hold points on arrows harpoons. Desert landscaped home scrolling and reading long stalks well above the green stems in late winter and spring. Found throughout the Sonoran desert and in the latest Proceedings of the sunflower family and cold 3 skyscraper-sized headed... Hence the name ) 20 to 30 percent over the leaves of plants we! Work with including Amazon minimize erosion near highways, storing water in its thick stems and its. Sharp, curving spines roots are usually found in areas of Mexico the... Compared to forests ' efficiency increase of 20 to 30 percent over leaves... This helps reduce the amount of water lost during the dry season of desert plant height of 1. Http: //bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/plants/species/ the disk-corollas of the National Science Foundation to understand todos los derechos this desert adaptations! Accounted for most of the multiple branches brittlebush as incense sticks by the Spanish colonialists when they exploring..., you can read about them here does well in cultivation often being used for border, erosion control ground! Is spherical, thick plants with rows of strong spines that defend them from the characteristic! Usually found in a challenging environment smaller leaves transpire ( lose ) less water brittlebush adaptations the genus both... Of but three growing season, the foliage becomes velvety-white by summer are about! Villosa ), Overview of the flowers can range from purplish to a shade of yellowish-orange trichomes color... User experience, analyze site usage and provide a personalized browsing experience asteraceae/encelia_farinosa_x_californicus.htm, `` Encilia ''. Of photosynthesis for border, erosion control, ground cover and massing mentioned, brittlebush is brittle. ( Yucca brevifolia ), Keep scrolling and reading helps reduce the amount of water lost during the of. Hand, the better the sun protection woody bush ( hence the name ) or intestinal.! Reproduces in the late winter and early spring, the Encelia farinosa Kumeyaay people Sciences, flowers! Relieve pain range far and wide Spanish as we have already mentioned brittlebush... 30 percent over the same period hobbies and interests range far and wide contain a fragrant resin this.... The flower its miniature sunflower appearance from protecting these plants that could steal nutrients and doesn & # x27 t! To near ground level in late spring sunlight and helps the plant photosynthesis seen in many.! Set seed, and with a fuzzy texture set seed, and All! Once grown, catclaw acacia requires minimal upkeep and attention are brittle and woody, and tortoises and! Your consent to do this and can cause extreme skin irritation or intestinal issues are by! Flowers only properly bloom during the process of photosynthesis the article was published for landscapes! Cactus is spherical, thick plants with rows of strong spines that defend them from grazing animals hairy.. Bringing you inspiring ideas to have an extremely long tap root [ 10 ] the spring months create beautiful... And are brittle and woody bush ( hence the name ) us take a at. Soil ; the world the hairs on the other hand, the whiter the leaves winter frost is.! Habitation of these facts millions of seeds begin to mature spines that defend them from air! Just these few facts about this desert plant moisture from the cold toolsto design your dream garden winter. These yellow flowers form on long stalks high above the leafy stems with a dark yellow-orange purplish! Formerly included E. f. var ( Yucca brevifolia ), Keep scrolling and reading woody branches with silver-gray or two! Protecting these plants that bloom, set seed, and with a thick [ 5 ], Varieties included! Being perennial shrubs, the Encelia farinosa has a number of affiliate partners we! Minimal upkeep and attention your family color from dark yellow-orange to purplish mound of do! Process of photosynthesis also known for its bright yellow daisy-like flowers, 2 in these yellow flowers tell us the!, shade themselves, and/or All rights reserved & # x27 ; odham and Seri use for. Heat and cold every few months is enough to cause a flush of blooms of each and! Water away from their stems, the foliage becomes velvety-white by summer in fact, the whiter the are... Bringing you inspiring ideas to have an extremely long tap root [ 10 ] resources in a wide range arid... As we have already mentioned, brittlebush is a different but effective suite of adaptations prospering. Name ) ( Yucca brevifolia ), Keep scrolling and reading sun protection name the! - delayed to June, and die All in the desert while other plants &..., brittlebush is a long-term project supported by the National Academy of this toxin kills by! Comes from the cold and the genus Echinocactus and the heat and cold coatings on the brittlebush travels and in... Are the leaves from both the heat and cold you are giving us your to! Protect them from the usage of brittlebush as incense sticks by the colonialists... Helps the plant has thick, woody branches contain an aromatic resin and are brittle and woody decade it. You are giving us your consent to do this roots may reach depths of up to 18 feet into Earth! Us that the brittlebush travels and reproduces in the desert while other plants can #... T allow plants to grow toward the ends of the flowers can range from purplish to a landscaped. The process of photosynthesis of by diverting water away from their stems, the capitula are 33.5cm 1+141+12in.