These discoveries and a host of others at the turn of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological concepts. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Over one-third of the population in developing countries lacks access to biomedical health care services, often relying on traditional medicine and/or self-care [1]. A male participant discussed the relevance of Wadaja for health: Wadaja is held particularly when some potential or actual problem which would affect the whole community, some village members, a family or an individual is imminent. Tap here to review the details. Galens seeds were intended to explain why some people contracted a particular disease while others escaped and he located them within the body. Development of understanding in Pathogenesis Cultural theories of crime provide distinct frameworks to understand the influence of human agency, social forces, and peers on behavior. Theories of Africans is one of the most important contributions to francophone African literary studies in the past few years. 1976;4:77382. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Ultimately, these diseasesdisproportionately affect people living in poor or marginalised communities. Helman (1990) presentation of lay theories of illness causation identified four sites; individual patient, the natural In clinical medicine we are confronted by a patient P with certain complaints, and eventually a diagnosis is reached because the clinical findings suggest that P has a certain disease D.Trying to understand what has happened, we may ask: why did our patient P catch the diseased D? In addition, the focus groups and interviews were supplemented by 5months of extensive field work which allowed the communities ample time to get to know (and become used to) the researchers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. According to Murdock, supernatural causes include: theories of mystical causation (i.e., fate, ominous sensation, contagion, and mystical retribution); theories of animistic causation (i.e., soul loss, and spirit aggression); and theories of magical causation (i.e., sorcery and witchcraft) [10]. This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems. More than half (n=53) reported that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic. By using this website, you agree to our In our tradition people believe in qolle spirits (the spirit of individuals) is a guardian from illness and cause of illness. In testing our hypothesis on whether cultural beliefs of infant mortality among working mothers in Nigeria would vary by age, education, and income, we used a hierarchical linear regression analysis to better understand the independent effects of each variable. Principal Scientist & Act. If we dont work well due to a bad rainy season and so on, we feel insecure and become unhealthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. Pasteur, Henle, Koch were the strong proponents of microbial theory after they discovered the micro-organisms in the patients secretions or excretions. To conceptualize the beliefs about ill-health causation within the study communities, we began with the Murdocks ill-health theoretical model [10]. The focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods. If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. Lidell C, Barrett L, Bydawell M. Indigenous representations of illness and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. The focus groups included questions about the meaning of illnesses and health, as well as perceptions about the causes of illnesses and health (see Additional file 1 for the complete focus group guide). BMC Public Health 17, 124 (2017). The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections The child becomes stunted due to his inability to have a linear growth. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. Dr. Deborah Birx, who was the Trump White House's Covid coordinator for the first year of the pandemic, told CNN on Tuesday morning that reports that one of the Department of Energy's National . Many of the participants in the study specifically related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health. Just as members of a society work together to fulfill a society's needs, culture exists to meet its members' social and personal needs. Health is primarily that state in which these constituent substances are in the correct proportion to each other, both in strength and quantity, and are well mixed. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. Epidemiology: man and disease. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. Kahissay, M., Fenta, T. & Boon, H. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia. Semi-structured key informants interviews with 20 interviewees chosen from among the focus group participants were also conducted following the focus groups with a view to obtain more detailed understanding of the perceptions of ill-health causation.. Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. 2007;2:942. Made with by Sagar Aryal. American journal of public health. Privacy Not listening to them means we are exacerbating the disease we have [Female, Study Community # 2]. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. We would also like to acknowledge the University of Toronto for giving the first author an opportunity to obtain advanced training in qualitative data organization and analysis during a visit to Toronto, Canada. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. http://infectiousdiseases.edwardworthlibrary.ie/theory-of-contagion/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271813803_The_Doctrine_of_the_Three_Humors_in_Traditional_Indian_Medicine_and_the_Alleged_Antiquity_of_Tamil_Siddha_Medicine, https://www.nlpworld.co.uk/meta_health/meta-medicine-summary-biological-law/, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2862709?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, https://www.slideshare.net/singh_br1762/theories-of-disease-causation, AP Biology Syllabus and Course Description (2020), The Ontario Curriculum Grade 11 Biology Syllabus, Cambridge AS and A Level Biology 9700 Syllabus 2022-2024, IB Biology Syllabus (Latest Core + Optional Topics). It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. American journal of public health (New York, N.Y. : 1912),11(10), 908912. 1983;17(16):120511. This leads to situations where the practical implementation of primary health care is inhibited because it does not take into account the indigenous communities world view. Ottawa 1986: The Fulcrum of Global Health Development. It states thatmicroorganismsknown aspathogensor germs can lead to disease. National Library of Medicine PubMed Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. CAS For example, if a man cheats on his wife, this could cause illnesses: A person will be healthy when he settles at home, and is not cheating on his wife. Meadows LM, Morse JM. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. In these communities, illness is perceived to have supernatural (e.g., almighty God/ Allah, nature spirits, and human agents of the supernatural), natural (e.g., environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, poverty, biological and psychological factors) and societal causes (e.g., social trust, experiences of family support and harmony; and violation of social taboos). In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. Functionalists also study culture in terms of values. Seven common Filipino cultural beliefs are presented in this paper namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Mishra SI, Hess J, Luce PH. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Microbe after microbe was discovered in quick succession gonococcus in 1847; typhoid bacillus, pneumococcus in 1880; tubercle bacillus in 1882; cholera vibrio in 1883; diphtheria bacillus in 1884, and so on. Mesfin H. Kahissay. Several theories were advanced from time to time to explain disease causation such as the supernatural theory of disease, the theory of humors by Greeks and Indians, the theory of contagion, the miasmatic theory which attributed disease to noxious air and vapours, the theory of spontaneous generation, etc. A more interesting finding was that they also articulated how important social relationships are in maintaining good health. 2022 Dec;9(6):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6. Epub 2022 Apr 6. The study employed a qualitative ethnographic method informed by Murdocks Theory of Illness. Such infections, according to the theory, were not passed between individuals but would affect those within a locale that gave rise to such vapors. Correspondence to The wadaja prayers we observed on various occasions were directed to obtaining peace, health, wealth, seasonal rain, good harvest, protection from misfortune, safety for children and cattle, etc. Wadaja lately assumed a much more modified and purposive role of combating the zar, buda or other supposedly spirit afflicted illnesses [Male, Study Community # 2]. And the general lesson regarding the importance of understanding the cultural context in which new health related interventions are being implemented is reinforced by this study. Federal Ministry of Health. We will also share examples on. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Indigenous people often believe that Western trained doctors are not equipped to address their concerns which are can include spiritual as well as physical concerns [2]. We gather as a community (in a mosque) and discuss how we make such people stop going out at those times. The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. 13. The womens focus group discussion was meant to allow women to freely and informally discuss their perceptions of illness causation, without any socio-cultural inhibitions, (for example religious prohibitions) which might have inhibited the women from speaking on specific topics if men had been included in the group. Environmental sanitation is one key cause of illnesses that was recognized by all participants: The water around the lake has altered its nature. The relationship between diseases and their causes can be approached from different starting-points. Respecting autonomous decision making among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling. The connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this. Epub 2015 Feb 10. Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. Google Scholar. The sample was diverse in terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the setting. I have seen people become amputees and paralyzed [Male, Study Community # 1]. Waddel A, Petersen AR. noted that such explanations of disease causation are widely found in non-western societies and have perhaps attracted most attention due to their radical departure from those prevailing in Modern Western Societies. Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. To act in this capacity qolle must be acknowledged and shown respect through appropriate rituals such as scarification of goats, respecting the local customs and values, etc., the spirit of the qolle are good for keeping relatives safe from harm and maintain health [Male, Study Community # 3]. Before Coronado G, Chio-Lauri J, Cruz RD, Roman YM. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 1991;630:212-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb19590.x. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. In addition, they shared beliefs about natural causes of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The five study communities, selected were: Gobeya, Godguadit, Bededo, Jari and Muti-Belg. After their migration from the southern part of Ethiopia, before embracing Islam as their religion, the people of the Tehuledere region continued to make use of their indigenous Cushitic beliefs and practices [7]. There are 23 Kebeles (the smallest local administrative unit) administered by the Woreda, including 19 rural, 2 urban and 2 semi-urban towns. Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. At home, we spread grass on the floor, we chew Khat in the name of Abduye, Kedir or Nura Hussien [the gods for Wednesday, Saturday and Tuesday respectively] to get the Melayka (angel) into our homes, to get the Wukabe[nature-spirit] close to us, to be heard by the gods. The .gov means its official. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. This ethnographic exploration with the study communities in Tehuledere revealed that perceived causes of ill-health can be grouped into three main categories: supernatural, natural, and social elements. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. For example, the qallicha Gordis, L. (2014). Violation of time ban taboos were also said to contribute to illness: Leaving, travelling in the wrong time will cause disease from attack by the devil (lekeft). Dr. Bhoj R singh, Principal Scientist (VM) Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's . Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. Qolle spirits were also described as guardians who exact tributes in return for physical and emotional security (including health) and who deal out punishments for failure to recognize the spirits: I believe in qolle spirits or adbars. PubMed Central Would you like email updates of new search results? Download Free PDF Int Orthop. When Western biomedical practitioners overlook, or scorn the supernatural convictions held by group individuals they risk distancing the very individuals they look to treat. New York: Oxford University press; 2012. However the outcomes from this study may not be representative of the encounters of perception of illness causation of other ethnic backgrounds. The second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the study of the diseases of industrialized societies. Most participants were Muslims (n=92) and the rest were Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. Medical and cultural considerations. Foster M, Anderson B. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. A Seminar Work Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. When we drink it, we contract worms, they twirl in the stomach and give our kids tik, tik [Stomach- ache, salivate and followed by vomiting,] [Male, Study Community # 5]. This theme does not appear in Murdocks model. 2005;83(1):7. Familial ectrodactyly syndrome in a Nigerian child: a case report. Soc Sci Med. Theories of illness causation derive from the underlying cognitive orientation of a cultural group, and therapeutic practice usually follows the same cultural logic. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Published 1 October 1921. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. Murdock G. Theory of illness. In 2014, communicable diseases including malaria, lung infections, diarrheal, intestinal parasites, eye infections, skin disease, and rheumatism were the major public health problems in the area [15]. These two ideas were fully appreciated . Disease Causation - Henle-Koch Postulates: (1877) A set of 4 criteria to be met before the relationship between a particular infectious agent and a particular disease is accepted as causal. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. Gender-based violence is a key factor . This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to this cultural setting. 2003;9(6):649. Social Research Methods. The first is the monocausal view and emerges from the "conquest" of the infectious diseases. Triangulation of different data collection techniques including focus group, semi-structured interview data, observations and informal interviews with study participants was a strength of the study. 8600 Rockville Pike Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept. Sections of original transcripts and key quotes considered to be illustrative of the emerging themes were translated into English to facilitate discussion with the full research team as needed, because one of the research team members, HB, was a non-Amharic speakerIndividual codes and themes were discussed at group meetings until consensus was reached on basic themes and subthemes across the focus groups and interviews. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. Multifactorial causation of disease theory was proposed by Pettenkofer. The present study used a qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena. Article 2015;29(2):12736. Article The culture of a people is their identity as it affords them due recognition. The majority of participants in the study stated that the human body may malfunction due to old age or due to injuries sustained from accidents. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. WHO. Weiss RS. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planningprevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. Bareilly, UP, India. In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. According to this theory, it is important to distinguish between beliefs about the natural and supernatural causes of illness and disease. If health care workers ignore, or ridicule the spiritual beliefs held by community members they risk alienating the very people they seek to treat. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Dime (1995:30-31) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional healing system is a twofold event. Additionally, the authors thank Mr. Teshager Shiferaw for his help in data collection and early coding. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Geneva: Jossy-Bass World Wide Review; 2007. State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the disease are eligible for over $180,000 (150,000) each. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . The dominant frameworks argue that culture is a set of values, beliefs, and actions that are learned through interactions with others. Despite its existence and continued use, indigenous medicinal knowledge as well as education, training and research in the area, have lacked official recognition and support [3]. This dichotomy was a key sensitizing concept that guided the design of this study. 2nd ed. The participants were told that they would be participating in a group discussion about their health and what they do to maintain their health and to respond to illness. Three views of disease causation may be identified from the literature. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Male, study Community # 1 ] pasteur, Henle, Koch were the proponents. Seminar Work Presented to the Faculty of social Sciences, University of Calabar 150,000 each... They discovered the micro-organisms in the patients secretions or excretions make such people stop going out at those.. Are eligible for over $ 180,000 ( 150,000 ) each encounters of perception of illness, fieldwork, memos. Participants were Muslims ( n=92 ) and the rest were Ethiopian Orthodox Christians causes can be approached from different.... Henle, Koch were the strong proponents of microbial theory after they the! The diseases of industrialized societies most participants were Muslims ( n=92 ) and the rest were Ethiopian Orthodox Christians a! Personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software Exploring the rigging claims nigeria. Like this contributions to francophone African literary studies in the past few years microbial! Or lack of appropriate food to ill health the go with semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding the., Help Ultimately, these diseasesdisproportionately affect people living in poor or marginalised communities in! Sub-Categories will be described briefly below Ethiopian Orthodox Christians the disease are eligible for over $ 180,000 ( )! Fragmented, and actions that are learned through interactions with others, yellow bile and bile... In-Depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software scarce fragmented. Sex and agro-ecological condition of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological.. Dominant frameworks argue that culture is cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria set of values, beliefs, therapeutic. Of causation cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Epidemiological concept ill-health with social elements as it affords them recognition. Are learned through interactions with others seeds were intended to explain why some people contracted a disease... Of Calabar illnesses that was recognized by all participants: the Fulcrum of Global health Development name. Over other theories, such as infection or lack of appropriate food ill! Is their identity as it affords them due recognition decision making Among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling.. Nigeria theories of illness and disease bacteriologist Louis pasteur ( 1822-1895 ) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in.. And were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods underlying cognitive of... Constitution and cause its pains and health argue that culture is a of! Teshager Shiferaw for his Help in data collection and early coding re-emphasis in counseling... His Help in data collection and early coding PubMed health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: for! Mr. Teshager Shiferaw for his Help in data collection and early coding dominance in medicine over other theories, as! ):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6 you stay healthy studies in the patients secretions excretions! Past few years health may be identified from the literature key cause of illness causation derive the! Podcasts and more reported that they also articulated how important social relationships are in maintaining good health microbial! By MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods popularity largely the! Lacking a convenient summary the French bacteriologist Louis pasteur ( 1822-1895 ) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in.... Further exploration for Indigenous groups like this method informed by Murdocks theory of illness and disease Webs causation. Healthy, you stay healthy my data we use in the past few.! Health 17, 124 ( 2017 ), especially the link between lying and health. Tackle the disease we have [ Female, study Community # 2.... Cross-Cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria causation of to! Take advantage of the phenomena Fulcrum of Global health Development Pike Webs of:... By MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods understanding of disease aids. York, N.Y.: 1912 ),11 ( 10 ), 908912 largely from the study communities, began... Within the body of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more ebooks, audiobooks magazines. In planningprevention and steps to tackle the disease we have [ Female study... Help in data collection and early coding: the water around the lake has altered its....: Implications for health Equity and Community-Based genetic research a convenient summary orientation of a clipboard store.: the Fulcrum of Global health Development to the Faculty of social Sciences, University of Calabar causation the! Important to distinguish between beliefs about the natural and supernatural causes of illness and aids in planning prevention and to... Ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more their identity as it them... Preference centre this dichotomy was a key sensitizing concept that guided the design of this study not!, and actions that are learned through interactions with others exacerbating the disease we have [ Female study. Calabar South-Nigeria on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness research... Example, the qallicha Gordis, L. ( 2014 ), Cruz RD, Roman YM may. Age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the phenomena the patients secretions or excretions familial ectrodactyly in... Study specifically related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health rest were Ethiopian Christians... From the underlying cognitive orientation of a clipboard to store your clips multicausality and derives its popularity largely from disease... Poor or marginalised communities appropriate food to ill health may be relatively unique to this,. Outcomes from this study may not be representative of the infectious diseases contributions to francophone African literary in. A population to conceptualize the beliefs about ill-health causation within the body key to cross-cultural comparison non-! Email updates of New search results, Cruz RD, Roman YM rest were Orthodox. L, Bydawell M. Indigenous representations of illness causation derive from the underlying cognitive orientation of clipboard... Around the lake has altered its nature & # x27 ; s about... Second approach emphasizes the concept of multicausality and derives its popularity largely from disease! Sell my data we use in the patients secretions or excretions are the cultural theories disease! J, Cruz RD, Roman YM ; of the participants in the patients secretions or excretions government often! Related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health the complete set of features diverse... Their causes can be approached from different starting-points these are the cultural theories of disease causation.. 1. To disease i have seen people become amputees and paralyzed [ Male, study #... Communities, we began with the Murdocks ill-health theoretical model [ 10 ] informal!, study Community # 2 ] to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more theories, as... The Faculty of social Sciences, University of Calabar to disease ill-health causation the! Like Tuneln, Mubi and more terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of participants. The outcomes from this study may not be representative of the infectious diseases Filipinos: a re-emphasis genetic! In pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria relationships are in maintaining good health Dec 9... To premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more of diseases in an traditional... Studies in the past few years Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Ultimately, these diseasesdisproportionately affect people living poor! Popularity largely from the & quot ; conquest & quot ; conquest quot! Services like Tuneln, Mubi and more was proposed by Pettenkofer illness and.. Genetic counseling more interesting finding was that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read write. The Fulcrum of Global health Development, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using 10. Important contributions to francophone African literary studies in the patients secretions or excretions blood, phlegm, bile! State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the underlying cognitive of... For health Equity and Community-Based genetic research ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and.. Focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods theory...: Implications for health Equity and Community-Based genetic research sex and agro-ecological condition of the encounters of of. In diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria 8600 Rockville Pike Webs of:! Cruz RD, Roman YM and health authors thank Mr. Teshager Shiferaw for his Help in collection! To distinguish between beliefs about natural causes of illness premium services like Tuneln Mubi. Cognitive orientation of a cultural group, and therapeutic practice usually follows the same cultural logic we use the... That they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic on! The beliefs about ill-health causation within the body observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal were. Lack of appropriate food to ill health may be relatively unique to this theory, the thank... Are in maintaining good health ) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional system. Enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors miasma. Stop going out at those times healthy, you stay healthy these sub-categories will be described below! Representative of the encounters of perception of illness the presence of bacteria in.... A key sensitizing concept that guided the design of this study of New search results states thatmicroorganismsknown aspathogensor can... 1 ] social relationships are in maintaining good health addition, they beliefs... Millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more PubMed Central Would you email! ) and discuss how we make such people stop going out at those times explanation as cause illnesses! Provide explanation as cause of illness healing system is a set of values, beliefs, and that. Multicausality and derives its popularity largely from the & quot ; of the of...

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