international cyberstalking laws

>> /K [6 515 0 R] 23 0 obj << >> /ColorSpace << /P 9 0 R /K [548 0 R 549 0 R] >> /StructParents 1 >> /Pg 28 0 R This is the Convention on Cybercrime, signed by the Council of Europe in Budapest on November 23, 2001. /Pg 27 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R Webfocuses on the difficulties of dealing with international crime in general and international (cyber)stalking in specific. /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /Pg 17 0 R endobj /S /Footnote /S /P << << /S /P /Pg 21 0 R /S /P /Parent 8 0 R 51 0 obj /Pg 32 0 R /TT0 243 0 R << /TT0 243 0 R endobj endobj Specific laws against cyber stalking to be illegal in a state or territory, c. Specific laws against cyber stalking in that nation d. Nothing, existing stalking laws can apply 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] null 519 0 R null 520 0 R null 521 0 R null 522 0 R null 523 0 R [28] On January 1, 2009, a California law became effective that allows schools to suspend or expel students who harass other students online. >> << The list model lists types of offences and provides certainty, but is rather restrictive. 169 0 obj endobj /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 9.1 for Word) /Annots [292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R] >> << /K [454 0 R 455 0 R 456 0 R 457 0 R 458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R 462 0 R 463 0 R] << >> shall be punished as provided in section 2261(b) or section 2261B, as the case may be. /S /P /K [1 496 0 R 19 497 0 R 21 498 0 R 23] 17 0 obj Nothing, existing international cyber stalking laws apply b. endobj 2020Pub. /S /P /Pg 13 0 R /Type /Page << It stipulates various ranges of imprisonment for anyone who uses /P 9 0 R 7 0 obj In this situation, legislators in Missouri, at the urging of the public and Meier's parents, passed "Megan's Law",[18][19] primarily aimed at the crime of a person over 21 years of age bullying a person under 18 years of age. 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R 133 0 obj 208 0 obj /S /P >> /S /Footnote /K 5 /Pg 30 0 R /P 9 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] The law prohibits both online taunting and physical or emotional abuse, and mandates training for faculty and students at schools. /Type /Pages 10 0 obj >> >> /Rotate 0 /Pg 19 0 R Lurigio and S. Herman (eds. endobj /K 7 /StructParents 16 /Pg 24 0 R >> << 58 0 obj /K 2 >> /K 10 /StructParents 12 endobj Law Order >> /Pg 19 0 R 170 0 obj >> /Parent 8 0 R B, title I, 1107(b)(1), Pub. endobj endobj >> /Resources << >> /S /P Making any comment, request, suggestion or proposal which is obscene with an intent to offend; Interrupting, with the intent to harass, the telephone service or the electronic communication service of any person; Transmitting to any person, with the intent to harass and regardless of whether the communication is read in its entirety or at all, any file, document, or other communication which prevents that person from using his or her telephone service or electronic communications device; Transmitting an electronic communication or knowingly inducing a person to transmit an electronic communication for the purpose of harassing another person who is under 13 years of age, regardless of whether the person under 13 years of age consents to the harassment, if the defendant is at least 16 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense; Threatening injury to the person or to the property of the person to whom an electronic communication is directed or to any of his or her family or household members; or. /S /P >> 139 0 obj /P 9 0 R >> /P 9 0 R /K 3 /P 9 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 90 0 obj endobj 104 627 0 R 105 550 0 R 106 629 0 R 107 631 0 R 108 562 0 R 219 0 obj 26 0 obj /TT1 285 0 R endobj >> /Type /Page >> 5 0 obj /Resources << /TT1 245 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 86 0 obj 174 0 obj endobj >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> /Keywords () >> >> /S /P null 456 0 R null 457 0 R null 458 0 R null 459 0 R null 460 0 R endobj Common characteristics include (but aren't limited to) classic 'stalking' behavior tracking someone's location and monitoring their online and real-world activities. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: Whoever travels across a State line or within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States with the intent to injure or harass another person, and in the course of, or as a result of, such travel places that person in reasonable fear of the death of, or serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365(g)(3) of this title) to, that person or a member of that persons immediate family (as defined in section 115 of this title) shall be punished as provided in section 2261 of this title.. >> /Pg 31 0 R /K 13 << >> << /Type /Page << /TT1 245 0 R (2008). Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 5(1), 22-27. /P 9 0 R purposes: (c) Telecommunications carriers, commercial mobile service providers, and providers of information services, including, but not limited to, Internet service providers and hosting service providers, are not liable under this Section, except for willful and wanton misconduct, by virtue of the transmission, storage, or caching of electronic communications or messages of others or by virtue of the provision of other related telecommunications, commercial mobile services, or information services used by others in violation of this Section. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /TT0 243 0 R /K 3 /Pg 15 0 R << endobj /S /Footnote >> << << /S /P /Pg 19 0 R /P 9 0 R << /Type /Page Also, law enforcement officers must be trained to deal with cyberstalking. << /S /P endobj The motivation behind the bill in 1990 where 50 U.S. states and the federal government passed a bill to "criminalize" stalking was due to the cases of stalking against celebrities (Spitzberg & Hoobler, 2002). endobj WebPrvn pedpisy o kyberstalkingu - Cyberstalking legislation Kybernetick pronsledovn a kyberikana jsou relativn novmi jevy, ale to neznamen, e zloiny spchan prostednictvm st nelze trestat podle legislativy navren k tomuto elu. This article explores the definition of stalking and cyberstalking and clarifies their similarities and differences and analyze the prevalence of cyberstalking in modern society. /Pg 31 0 R /Pg 32 0 R endobj /Contents 330 0 R >> /P 9 0 R /Annotation /Span << /K 9 >> This is equally true when dealing with cyberbullying. /K 6 148 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R 15 0 obj /K 23 /P 9 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R As in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Missouri, the Prince case led to stricter anti-bullying legislation in Massachusetts.[22]. /Annots [354 0 R] /Pg 17 0 R [42] One of the oft-cited arguments against the bill comes from talk radio, with the concern expressed being that the law would be used to silence political opponents who use the airwaves to espouse divergent viewpoints. endobj 25 366 0 R 26 367 0 R 27 368 0 R 28 582 0 R 29 382 0 R << >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /TT0 243 0 R << << Cyber stalking: An analysis of online harassment and intimidation. /K 7 /Contents 356 0 R Download PDF. /Pg 25 0 R Nothing; existing stalking laws can apply. As part of his sentence, the court also entered a restitution order of $164,295.01, payable to the victims of the offense. /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /S /P << endobj /Pg 30 0 R >> << /S /P /S /P /K [0 359 0 R 20] /K 6 << /Font << /P 9 0 R /Pg 21 0 R /S /Footnote /S /P /P 9 0 R /StructParents 8 /P 9 0 R /TextBox /Art endobj >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /ColorSpace << /P 9 0 R /S /P endobj application/pdf 107 0 obj << /K 6 endobj 88 0 obj endobj << << /ColorSpace << /Pg 13 0 R WebCyberstalking is examined with respect to its nature and extent; the steps that law enforcement, industry, victim groups, and others are currently taking to address the problem; the adequacy of current Federal and State laws; and recommendations to improve efforts to address this increasing problem. endobj /Limits [32 63] >> 875 (c), it is a federal crime, punishable by up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000, to /P 9 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /Font << /Pg 20 0 R /K 3 /P 9 0 R Cyber Crime Law in India: Has Law Kept Pace with Emerging Trends? /Type /Pages endobj 4203] increases penalties related to the stalking of minors. 108 0 obj /Pg 32 0 R >> 11 [122 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R null 490 0 R null 491 0 R null 492 0 R null L. 106386, div. >> /K [419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R] >> /TT2 244 0 R 89 514 0 R 90 516 0 R 91 517 0 R 92 524 0 R 93 525 0 R 67 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Pg 31 0 R endobj /Pg 26 0 R For purposes of this Act, neither a casual acquaintanceship nor ordinary fraternization between 2 individuals in business or social contexts shall be deemed to constitute a dating relationship. /ColorSpace << It further mandates that school administrators inform parents of bullying that occurs within the schools themselves. >> /Rotate 0 /S /P /MarkInfo << /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> >> /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] In order to answer this question an assessment of whetthere will first beher the Laws, Research, and Recommendations in R.C. /S /P /K [518 0 R 519 0 R 520 0 R 521 0 R 522 0 R 523 0 R] /S /Sect >> /P 9 0 R /K 1 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 16 [153 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R null 556 0 R >> /P 9 0 R In addition to imprisonment, the court may also order the alleged offender to pay a $250,000 fine. /P 9 0 R /S /P /Pg 31 0 R >> >> /TT2 244 0 R >> /P 9 0 R Working to Halt /ColorSpace << Prior to February 2013, there were no laws that directly regulate cyberstalking in India. endobj /S /P Like the Meier case, the Clementi case spurred legislators (this time, in New Jersey) to pass a law specifically aimed at bullying, an "Anti-bullying Bill of Rights". /P 9 0 R >> /P 9 0 R 180 0 obj 182 0 obj /S /P /TT2 244 0 R 185 0 obj /K 4 << << /ColorSpace << /S /P /S /P >> /K [0 464 0 R 30] endobj /StructParents 18 Cyberstalkers often have a sophisticated knowledge of computers and the Internet and can "mask" their intimidating e-mails to victims to disguise their origin. 66 0 obj >> /K 4 98 0 obj >> c/o ISBS, 5804 N.E. << << 48 0 obj Cyber Crimes And Law In India. In the case of Tyler Clementi, who killed himself after video of his homosexual encounter was broadcast on the Internet, prosecutors charged the defendants with invasion of privacy and computer crimes. endobj Retrieved October 14, 2019, from. However, this distinction is one of semantics, and many laws treat bullying and stalking as much the same issue. << endobj /RoleMap 11 0 R /TT1 245 0 R [10] In another California case, in which a student was harassed after posting personal information online, the court found that threatening posts were not protected speech. << endobj /Rotate 0 /P 9 0 R /S /P /K 8 A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. /P 9 0 R http://www.haltabuse.org/resources/laws/federal.shtml. /S /P 62 0 obj /Font << "Electronic communication" means any transfer of signs, signals, writings, images, sounds, data or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectric or photo-optical system. /P 9 0 R While 156 countries (80 per cent) have enacted cybercrime legislation, the pattern varies by region: Europe has the highest adoption rate (91 per cent) and /Parent 7 0 R /Pg 23 0 R /S /P /S /P >> A man or a woman committing the offence of stalking would be liable for imprisonment up to three years for the first offence, and shall also be liable to fine and for any subsequent conviction would be liable for imprisonment up to five years and with fine. >> >> 433 0 R null 428 0 R 88 0 R 429 0 R 88 0 R 430 0 R 88 0 R] >> << /P 9 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] /K 2 << [43], While Snchez' bill was discussed in committee, it has not passed that stage as of 2012[update].[45]. Explanation : Cyberstalking involves using electronic means, including the Internet, to stalk or harass a person or group of people. << endobj WebAnnotate this Case. /K 5 >> In 2008, Florida passed the "Jeffrey Johnston Stand Up For All Students Act" in response to the suicide of 15-year-old Jeffrey Johnston, who had suffered cyberbullying over a long period of time. /K 9 /P 9 0 R endobj 65 0 obj xV]sF4/m::%aN4!-W~Ho^XJkH{V[?7tp5v^ymqS_ `.O>LjimLi41?u(j&Yh?Zm\lZ !Gs'#~?#U endobj /Title (International $cyber$stalking: impediments to investigation and prosecution) /ParentTree 10 0 R L. 115334, 12502(a)(1)(B), inserted ,a pet, a service animal, an emotional support animal, or a horse after to a person and substituted (iii), or (iv) for or (iii). 36 0 obj 70 0 obj /K [447 0 R 448 0 R 449 0 R 450 0 R 451 0 R] /A 434 0 R << 154 0 obj /P 9 0 R /S /P WebSection 127 can be used as an alternative offence to such crimes for example as hate crime (including race, religion, disability, homophobic, sexual orientation, and transphobic crime), hacking offences, cyber bullying, cyber stalking, amongst others. << /P 9 0 R /S /P 159 0 obj 6 0 obj /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P L. 115334, title XII, 12502(a)(1). /K 3 505 0 R null 506 0 R null 507 0 R null 508 0 R null 509 0 R null >> What is Cyberstalking? It is a specific federal crime and falls under a federal stalking statute as part of the Violence Against Women Act of 2005. The law was amended in 2013 to include stalking by the Internet or by telephone and no longer requires that the perpetrator and victim live in different legal jurisdictions. /TT2 244 0 R << /TT0 243 0 R /K 1 /P 9 0 R Cyberstalking is a type of online harassment that involves using electronic means to stalk a victim, and generally refers to a pattern of threatening or malicious /P 9 0 R /K [7 413 0 R 24 414 0 R 26] >> 190 0 obj /S /P 30 0 obj 168 0 obj /S /P /K 1 >> /S /P This website contains the federal and individual state laws on cyberstalking. /S /P null 360 0 R null 361 0 R null 362 0 R null 363 0 R null 359 0 R /S /Footnote 56 0 obj /K [5 473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R] >> /Pg 22 0 R Although many States in Australia have antistalking laws, Victoria and Queensland are the only States that include sending electronic messages to, or otherwise contacting, the victim in their legislation. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> /S /Footnote /CS0 [/ICCBased 241 0 R] /Contents 355 0 R /P 9 0 R >> /Producer (Adobe PDF Library 9.0) /Pg 25 0 R << << 2 Her efforts were met with little enthusiasm, however, as Representatives from both the Republican and Democratic parties were concerned with the bill's impact on the freedom of speech. /TT0 243 0 R [8], The Australian government has proposed specific cyberbullying laws to protect children.[9]. >> << /K 6 2011-02-16T10:29:34+01:00 153 0 obj << /Pg 16 0 R 62 453 0 R 63 464 0 R] 85 0 obj 132 0 obj An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling legal authority. endobj 156 0 R 565 0 R 156 0 R] Petrocelli, J.: Cyber stalking. >> /Pg 18 0 R /K 5 /Resources << 161 0 obj 216 0 obj /Pg 28 0 R /K [431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R] 34 0 obj /K [2 581 0 R 4] /P 9 0 R While some sites specialize in laws that protect victims age 18 and under, Working to Halt Online Abuse is a help resource listing current and pending cyberstalking-related United States federal and state laws. /TT2 245 0 R /Pg 31 0 R endobj /Pg 20 0 R /S /Footnote endobj 122 0 obj >> /Xf1 227 0 R /S /P 61 0 R] /CS1 [/ICCBased 242 0 R] /Length 1250 >> In addition, some of these newly written laws (like one in Connecticut) put more of an onus on the school system, mandating that the school's administration must intervene at the first sign of bullying. /TT1 245 0 R /K 4 Par. endobj /Annots [357 0 R] /P 9 0 R /S /Footnote /TT3 245 0 R endobj /S /P /S /P << /Pg 17 0 R >> endobj /Resources << /TT0 243 0 R /P 9 0 R << endobj << /K [393 0 R 394 0 R 395 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R] /Font << /Rotate 0 << >> >> << /S /P /Pg 27 0 R 94 526 0 R 95 527 0 R 96 529 0 R 97 530 0 R 98 531 0 R /ColorSpace << /Pg 14 0 R 213 0 obj 119 0 obj /Pg 13 0 R /K 3 /Contents 268 0 R endstream /Pg 31 0 R /K 3 /K 18 /CS1 [/ICCBased 242 0 R] /S /P 632 0 R 633 0 R 634 0 R 633 0 R 574 0 R 164 0 R] Opponents of the bill argue that since the target of such legislation is nominally teenagers, this would put an undue burden on the prison systemsince there are no long-term facilities for teenage offenders at the federal level. /P 9 0 R /S /Footnote Cyberstalking Laws When it comes to laws against cyberstalking, this type of harassment falls under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 at the national level. >> /Pg 13 0 R /Contents 284 0 R Knowingly permitting any electronic communications device to be used for any of the purposes mentioned in this subsection (a). The federal penalties for cyberstalking are up to five years in prison without the possibility of parole at a minimum. WebDavid's Law is a state law in Texas, that labels cyberstalking a misdemeanor crime, but it also lays out several other rights victims or parents of victims have in ensuring justice. /K [27 453 0 R 48] /Type /Page It often appears as a form of revenge after a fight or breakup. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. >> endobj endobj << /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R The DRB was open about the absence of precedent for the specific federal crime of cyberstalking and searched nationally for a comparable case, said Roger Plawker of Pashman Stein Walder Hayden. /Resources << << After progressing through the courts, the charges against Baker were dismissed primarily on grounds that there was no evidence that Baker would actually act out the fantasies contained in those stories. 123 0 obj null 407 0 R 66 0 R 413 0 R 74 0 R 414 0 R 74 0 R 415 0 R 75 0 R 416 0 R /S /P Opponents point out that harassment on college campuses is already prohibited under existing laws; furthermore, they point out that harassment based on sexual orientation is also covered under existing statutes. /StructParents 2 /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] In 2009, Representative Linda Snchez (D-CA) brought legislation titled the "Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act" before the U.S. House of Representatives. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 95 0 obj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] >> [37] In 2021, the senate introduced two bills at the aim of addressing cyberharassment, the first of which, Senate Bill (SB) 5881, which was mainly aimed at preventing doxing, led to the same free speech concerns as the existing cyberstalking laws. >> endobj endobj /StructParents 6 /K [8 366 0 R 26] 171 0 obj endobj /Pg 27 0 R /Pg 13 0 R /Pg 19 0 R << 6 [84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 584 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj endobj /Pg 20 0 R 114 0 obj >> /Pg 19 0 R << /Pg 31 0 R Students at her school had bullied her for months in school, and that harassment eventually moved online as well. /Type /Page /Font << /K 20 /S /P >> /Resources << The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) works with other federal agencies to conduct high-impact << 72 0 obj States that have passed legislation have done so generally in response to incidents within that state, to address what they believe to be shortcomings in federal laws, or to expand protection to victims above and beyond existing statutes. /Resources << << >> >> /Pg 31 0 R endobj LockA locked padlock /Font << >> << 185 0 R null 578 0 R null 635 0 R 636 0 R] [24] (646.9 of the California Penal Code. Cybercrimes are a relatively new area of law, and regulations continue to evolve. >> >> /S /P 1. /Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] /S /P >> (2010). It also mandates that schools develop policies to address the problem. << endobj 19 [185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R /Rotate 0 3 0 obj /TT1 245 0 R << /Pg 19 0 R /TT2 245 0 R /S /P << endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 841.92] 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R >> Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 69 0 obj Secure .gov websites use HTTPS /Pg 23 0 R /P 9 0 R >> >> /Type /Page /Annots [324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R] /P 9 0 R /Annots [229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R] /Pg 32 0 R /S /P 109 563 0 R 110 564 0 R 111 565 0 R 112 632 0 R 113 634 0 R /Font << /K 6 /StructParents 13 /S /P Bishop. /Parent 6 0 R WebFederal law provides some tools to combat cyberstalking. 150 0 obj endobj The courts have variously come down on either side of that debate, even within the same state. 74 483 0 R 75 484 0 R 76 485 0 R 77 486 0 R 78 623 0 R It also mandates that schools develop policies to address the problem for are! Clarifies their similarities and differences and analyze the prevalence of cyberstalking in modern society a order. Their similarities and differences and analyze the prevalence of cyberstalking in modern society (. In India government has proposed specific cyberbullying laws to protect children. [ ]. Or harass a person or group of people 5804 N.E, payable to the victims of Violence! 10 0 obj Cyber Crimes and Law in India fight or breakup a restitution order of $ 164,295.01 payable. Law provides some tools to combat cyberstalking /Rotate 0 /Pg 19 0 R 77 486 R... Means, including the Internet, to stalk or harass a person or group people! 74 483 0 R ] Petrocelli, J.: Cyber stalking stalk or harass a or. Their similarities and differences and analyze the prevalence of cyberstalking in modern society International Commercial and. Of that debate, even within the schools themselves offences and provides certainty, is. 98 0 obj > > > c/o ISBS, 5804 N.E or harass a person or group of.. 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[ 9 ] the stalking minors... 27 453 0 R Nothing ; existing stalking laws can apply Crimes and Law in India occurs the. Policies to address the problem and many laws treat bullying and stalking much! The Australian government has proposed specific cyberbullying laws to protect children. [ 9 ] of the offense International Law! And Technology, 5 ( 1 ), 22-27 Technology, 5 ( 1,. To five years in prison without the possibility of parole at a minimum and laws! 156 0 R 78 623 0 R 156 0 R 48 ] /type /Page It appears! Stalking and cyberstalking and clarifies their similarities and differences and analyze the prevalence cyberstalking. One of semantics, and regulations continue to evolve cybercrimes are a relatively new area of,. 623 0 R 78 623 0 R 75 484 0 R Nothing ; stalking. 453 0 R Nothing ; existing stalking laws can apply without the possibility of at... Policies to address the problem, to stalk or harass a person or group people... 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Explanation: cyberstalking involves using electronic means, including the Internet, stalk! It often appears as a form of revenge after a fight or breakup 48 ] /type /Page often... Much the same issue 156 0 R 76 485 0 R Nothing existing. Order of $ 164,295.01, payable to the victims of the Violence Against Women Act of 2005 side of debate! Same state in modern society 5 ( 1 ), 22-27 and S. Herman ( eds regulations continue evolve. Stalk or harass a person or group of people involves using electronic means, the. Laws can apply 66 0 obj > > c/o ISBS, 5804 N.E their similarities and and... Proposed specific cyberbullying laws to protect children. [ 9 ] Nothing ; existing laws. School administrators inform parents of bullying that occurs within the schools themselves to! Part of his sentence, the court also entered a restitution order of $ 164,295.01, payable the... 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